Introduction
These short lecture notes intend to provide some notions on the problem of seat apportionment in voting systems, or electoral systems. I synthesized some of the main concepts of a theory which is definitely wider and more complex.
Some related issues such as turnout, apportionment paradoxes and electoral systems which are not based on proportional representation have been left out of the picture for the sake of brevity.
In the first Chapter I analyzed the basic apportionment criteria and methods and exposed some simple cases.
In Chapter 2 I outlined some preliminary notions of Cooperative Game Theory and subsequently the application to weighted voting games with quota was introduced together with some numerical examples.
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